by Brenda Dickinson
i) [CELSIA]NIF on form 31R: Celsianus of Lezoux, Die 8a. This stamp has already been noted from Chester-le-Street and it is also known from South Shields. It was used on some of the later plain forms, such as 31R, 79 and 80. c.A.D. 160-200. Context 345.
ii) [COB]NERTIANI (NE and TIANI ligatured) on form 18/31R or, more probably, 31R. Cobnertianus worked in Central Gaul; three examples of this stamp in the Oswald-Plicque Collection at Nottingham University Museum almost certainly come from Lezoux. Only one die has so far been recorded for him, with very few stamps noted. His only known forms are 31R and 80, but these are sufficient to suggest a mid- to late-Antonine range. Context 55.
iii) QVINTIM on form 33: Quintus v of Lezoux, Die 5a. This is one of the commonest stamps of the later Lezoux Quintus. It occurs at forts in northern Britain reoccupied c. A.D. 160 and there are many examples in the group of late-Antonine samian recovered off Pudding Pan Rock. c.A.D.160-200. Context 143.
Table 1 shows the totals of samian from the excavation. Fabric groups have been divided into Certain and Probable attributions, which reflects the difficulties of judging the fabric of small abraded sherds. Unbracketed figures are sherd numbers. Bracketed figures are Rim Percentages
Central Gaulish |
East Gaulish |
Unidentified |
Total |
|||
Cert. |
Prob |
Cert. |
Prob. |
|||
| Form 18/31R | 4 (8) | 4 (8) | ||||
| 31 | 3 (16) | 3 (16) | ||||
| 31R | 8 (50) | 21 | 9 (71) | 10 | 48 (121) | |
| 31 or 31R | 35 (24) | 2 (4) | 13 (7) | 22 | 73 (35) | |
| 30 | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | ||||
| 32 (?) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 33 | 14 (60) | 5 | 1 | 20 (60) | ||
| 36 | 1 (11) | 1 | 2 (11) | |||
| 37 | 17 | 10 (18) | 6 (4) | 33 (22) | ||
| 38 | 1 (2) | 5 (2) | 6 (4) | |||
| 79 | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Closed Form | 2 (Wall sherds) | 2 | ||||
| Painted Closed Form | 1 (Wall sherd) | 1 | ||||
| Paint Cup | 1 (Wall sherd) | 1 | ||||
| ? 33/46 Mortarium | 6 | 1 | 7 | |||
| Unidentified | 1 | 1 | 72 | 74 | ||
| TOTAL | 58(149) | 67 (42) | 27 (77) | 32 (11) | 94 | 278(279) |
Table 1 |
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A total of 2706 sherds of coarseware was recovered from the excavations. Table 2 shows the identifiable vessels which this total represents. Unbracketed figures are vessels; bracketed figures are rim percentages.
| Amphora | Flagon | Beaker | Jar | Bowl/Dish | Mortaria | Lid | TOTAL | |
| BB1 | 9 (114) | Bowls Flat rim 1 (8) Incip Flan 14 (122) Flan 1 (23) Dishes Plain rim + int arc 14 (112) Groove rim 1 (13) |
40 (392) | |||||
| BB2 | 1 (8) | Bowls Gillam 222, 223, 310, 311 7 (48) Gillam 225, 312, 313 11 (80) Dish Plain rim + groove 5 (25) |
24 (161) | |||||
| Essex Area (Mucking?) | Gillam 151 4 (39) Mucking "J" 9 (147) |
13 (186) | ||||||
| Rhenish | 1 | Cup 1 (26) | 2 (26) | |||||
| Rhineland | 1 (18) | 1 (18) | ||||||
| Dales | Ware 2 (27) Type 1 (10) |
3 (37) | ||||||
| Swanpool (?) | Lid seated 12 (177) Other (as No.30) 4 (60) |
Swanpool tradition 4 (42) | 20 (279) | |||||
| Nene Valley | 11(142) | 2 (15) | 15 (179) | |||||
| Hartshill Mancetter | 11 (128) | 11 (128) | ||||||
| East Yorks Crambeck | 1 (17) | 1 (8) | Bowls Flanged 14 (134) Flan (Dr 38) 2 (23) Painted 2 (21) Dishes Plain rim + groove 5 (58) |
Painted 2 (22) Other 1 (5) |
42 (534) | |||
| East Yorks Calcite Grit |
Huntcliff 3 (47) Other 6 (116) | Dish 1 (24) | ||||||
| East Yorks Other |
Flan bowl 4 (59) | |||||||
| Other | 1 (25) | 2 (35) | 1 (7) | 14 (238) | Bowls 6 (70) | 2 (25) | 26 (400) | |
| TOTAL | 1 (25) | 3 (52) | 14(157) | 65 (983) | 91 (868) | 21 (230) | 2 (25) | 197 (2340) |
Table 2 |
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The following abbreviations are used:
The fabric of each vessel was examined in the hand and under a binocular microscope (× 20 magnification) equipped with an eyepiece graticule graduated in mm. The following details were recorded:
Colour: body colour across the vessel-wall supplemented where necessary with core, margin and surface colours; precise Munsell values were not recorded but a set of Munsell Soil Colour Charts (1975 ed.), removed from its binder and mounted on a neutral grey card, was always within sight during pottery processing, in order to provide some degree of visual calibration and ensure some standardisation of descriptive terms throughout the report. The following list gives an approximate correspondence between the descriptive terms used here and Munsell codes:
Inclusion type: without recourse to thin-sectioning and the petrological microscope inclusions were only recorded under general headings: eg: quartz, iron, volcanically derived, limestone, mica etc
Inclusion size: two estimates of the texture of each type were recorded: the first relates to the size of the major fraction, the second is the maximum grain size. In cases where the grains were well sorted the two estimates have the same value. Seven categories were used:
The density of inclusions was categorised as sparse, common or abundant. It was judged to be sparse when the area of vessel fabric falling under one or more of the eyepiece graticule cells did not appear to contain any grains. It was judged to be abundant when there was little or no area of clay matrix visible between grains.
The catalogue of pottery is arranged by excavated context, with samian preceding coarseware in each context entry.
The information for each coarseware vessel is arranged as follows:
Vessel class; post-excavation processing catalogue number(s) (These Featured Vessel numbers are marked on the sherds in waterproof ink); diameter in centimetres; rim percentage; fabric description (see above); discussion (if any).
CONTEXT 62 (Phase 4)
The TPQ for the group can probably be taken from no.1 whose date is not likely to be before the middle of the third century AD.
1) Large Beaker; FVN 36; Pale orange with orange to dark maroon colour coat; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2, max T4), red iron oxide (T2). Base sherd only. Probably Nene Valley. Not illustrated.
2) Bowl; FVN 37, Dia 15, 15%; Pale grey with well defined black core and dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3, max T4). Similar examples occur in primary levels in milecastles, eg: Milecastle 9 (Birley 1930, no.34), milecastle 48 (Gibson and Simpson 1911, pl.III no 2) and milecastle 50 TW (Richmond and Gillam 1952, no 39) but the type could well have appeared in the north earlier; examples occur at Corbridge (unpublished) where associations, particularly of fabric, suggest that they are first century in date. The fabric of the Chester-le-Street example is close to Early Ware 5 at Corbridge (Bishop and Dore 1989, 249).
CONTEXT 76 (Phase 4)
The latest vessels in the group are the coarseware vessels 6, 7 and 8. As with Crambeck products (Evans 1989, 79) the date of the first appearance of types such as no.8 should probably be placed somewhere in the last third of the 3rd century AD. No.6 is probably of the same date. Fragment no.7 is quite heavily abraded but sufficient survives to show that it is not the classic Huntcliff type; a date more in keeping with the general appearance of this type of fabric in the north, ie late 3rd C, would therefore seem appropriate.
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31R EG (Dia.23 8%)
Coarseware:
3) Jar; FVN 48, Dia 14, 26%; Dark grey brown with black surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3, max T5), occasional red iron oxide and black vitreous grains (T2).
4) Jar; FVN 49, Dia 15, 20%; Mid blue grey with smoothed surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2, max T3), black iron oxide (T2, max T5).
5) Jar; FVN 50, Dia 12, 17%; Mid blue grey; Inclusions: sparse, quartz (T3, max T5), occasional black iron oxide (T2)
6) Jar; FVN 51, Dia 15, 12%; Very pale grey with dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2, max T5). Possibly a Swanpool product (see Webster and Booth 1947, fig.5 type H). There are similar vessels known at Housesteads (Dore 1988, nos 27 and 28; the earliest example is no.28 from context 29 where associated pottery suggests a TPQ of at least A.D.250 and possibly in the last 3rd of 3rd C) and Vindolanda (Bidwell 1985, no.129; associated pottery suggests a TPQ of c.A.D.250).
7) Jar; FVN 47, Dia ?, 20%; Black; Inclusions: abundant, voids (T6), limestone (T6), quartz (T5, max T6). "Calcite gritted· fabric. Small, abraded rim sherd of an everted rim jar; not the classic Huntcliff type. Not illustrated.
8) Bowl; FVN 46, Dia 21, 5%; Dark grey core with pale grey margins and dark grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T4). This is probably from East Yorkshire though the dark grey core suggests that it is not a Crambeck product (Evans 1989, 55) and the fabric does not seem very similar to known Norton and Throlam products.
CONTEXT 82 (Phase 1)
Samian:
1 fragment, form and fabric unidentifiable
CONTEXT 101 (Phase 4)
TPQ somewhere in the second half of the 2nd century AD
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 1 flange sh. Dr 38 EG 2 fragments, form and fabric unidentifiable.
CONTEXT 104 (Phase 3)
Samian:
1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?)
CONTEXT 104/154 (Phase 3)
TPQ somewhere in the later 2nd century, on the basis of no.9.
9) Beaker; FVN 75, Dia c.6, 2%; Dull orange with irridescent black colour coat; Inclusions: abundant, red iron oxide and black vitreous grains (T1). Probably a Nene Valley product, but not closely datable. There is sufficient of the sherd surviving to suggest that the form of the original was unindented. The quality and thickness of the slip suggest a date not much before the mid 3rd C.
10) Beaker; FVN 76, Dia 6.5, 9%; Orange brown with irridescent black colour coat; Inclusions: sparse, black vitreous grains and limestone (T1).
CONTEXT 115 (Phase 4)
Gillam (1976, 70) suggested that bowls such as no.12 appeared before the end of the second century and evidence from the south-west supports this (Bidwell and Holbrook 1991, 98). The south-western evidence also suggests that the simple linear typological relationship which Gillam envisaged between these bowls (which he termed 'incipient flanged rim') and the conical flanged bowls of the later third and fourth centuries can no longer be sustained (I am grateful to Paul Bidwell for appraising me of the south-western evidence).
Samian:
1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R 2 w.sh. Dr 33 EG 1 w.sh. 1 b.sh. Dr 33 CG
Coarseware:
11) Bowl; FVN 56, Dia 22, 6%; Black core with red brown margins and dark grey burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2, max T3). (BB2). Mid 2nd - early 3rd C.
12) Bowl; FVN 57, Dia c.25, 6%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, sub rounded quartz (T3). (BB1). Late 2nd C.
No featured coarseware but there is a small rim sherd of a BB2 round rim bowl which should date to the second half of the second century or the very beginning of the third.
CONTEXT 129 (Phase 4)
Apart from no.17, the mortarium stamped by Caritas, the vessels in this group could all date to around the same time, i.e. mid-third century. The plain rim bowls in BB1 with intersecting arc decoration (15 and 16) could be survivals from the later second century (they appear in the 'destruction deposit' at Corbridge - Richmond and Gillam 1950, no.90) but, on the other hand, they do not appear at Vindolanda until the construction phase of period IVA c.A.D.235 (Bidwell 1985, no.78).
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31R EG (Dia ? 5%) 1 w.sh. Dr 31R EG (?) 1 r.sh. 2 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 4 fragments, form and fabric unidentifiable
Coarseware
13) Jar; FVN 61, Dia ?, 5%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, sub-round quartz (T3). (BB1). Wall sherd of a jar with a very small part of the rim surviving but not a full profile. Unillustrated. There is decoration of obtuse angle lattice on the sherd and some indication of a scored line above this, which should date the piece to not earlier than the mid third century (see Bidwell 1985, 174)
14) Jar; FVN 62, Dia 15, 5%; Very pale grey with dark grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T4), red iron oxide (T2). Dales type. Mid third century on the basis of Vindolanda (See Bidwell 1985, 177).
15) Dish; FVN 60, Dia c.30, 5%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, sub round quartz (T3). (BB1).
16) Dish; FVN 63, c.22, 4%; Dark grey with black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, sub round quartz (T3, max T4). (BB1)
17) Mortarium (Fig.10); FVN 210, Dia 24.5, 15%. Mrs Hartley comments: Somewhat overfired, extremely hard, buff-brown fabric with pale brown core almost to the surface, probably near the spout. Inclusions: moderate, ill-sorted, black material with fewer quartz. Trituration grit: hard, blackish material sometimes with red centre (as inclusions). This fabric can be attributed to the Mancetter-Hartshill potteries; it differs from the fabrics normally associated with them, this version being produced c.A.D.165-200+.
The incompletely impressed, retrograde stamp (which reads from the outside of the rim) is from one of three dies which give Carita, perhaps for Caritanus. His stamps have now been noted from Binchester; Carrawburgh; Chester-le-Street; High Cross; Ilkley; Lancaster; Piercebridge; and Wroxeter(?). He produced mortaria with indisputably late features which can be closely matched in mortaria made after the practice of stamping ceased in these potteries. He is also one of a number of important Warwickshire potters whose work is widely distributed in northern England but is virtually absent in Scotland. His activity was certainly within the period A.D.155/160-185.
18) Mortarium; FVN 64, Dia 26, 16%; Very hard white, very pale yellow surface; Inclusions: sparse, red iron oxide (T3), quartz (T3). A.D.190- 240 (information from K F Hartley).
CONTEXT 130 (Phase 4)
TPQ somewhere in the mid-third century on the basis of the samian.
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 2 w.sh. Dr 37 CG: One small fragment comes from the bottom of the decorative zone. Visible are the hooves of an animal, probably a horse, to right. The fabric and gloss suggest a Hadrianic or early Antonine date. Not illustrated.
CONTEXT 135 (Phase 4)
No.19 provides a TPQ in the mid-third century.
Samian:
1 b.sh. Dr 31R CG (?)
Coarseware
19) Bowl; FVN 215, Dia ?, 5%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3). (BB1). Very small rim sherd of an 'incipient flange rim bowl'. Not illustrated. Mid third century (see context 115, no.12).
TPQ towards the end of the second century.
20) Dish; FVN 65, Dia 23, 30%; Black core with dull red margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2, max T4). This should probably be classed as BB1. The colour and the feel are acceptable but the texture of the inclusion suite is not particularly characteristic of BB1. There is some kind of burnished motif on the bottom, both inside and out. For remarks on date see above under context 129.
CONTEXT 142 (Phase 4)
TPQ c.A.D.160 (if not later, on the basis of the East Gaulish mortarium).
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31R CG (Dia ? 5%) 1 w.sh. mortarium EG 2 fragments form and fabric unidentified
No.23 gives a TPQ around the middle of the third century; it is almost certainly a product of kilns in Essex such as those at Mucking (Jones and Rodwell 1973 Type J). A well dated example of the same form occurs at Vindolanda in the Period 4A/B dumps over the demolished buildings on the east rampart (mid-3rd C - see Bidwell 1985, no.120).
Samian:
1 flange sherd Dr 38 EG
Coarseware:
21) Beaker; FVN 78, Dia 8.5, 20%; White with black colour coat; Inclusions: common, quartz, red iron oxide and limestone (all T2). Nene Valley. Late 2nd - mid 3rd C.
22) Jar; FVN 80, Dia 11, 20%; Mid blue grey with burnished surface; Inclusions: common, black iron oxide (T1), and occasional quartz (T3).
23) Jar; FVN 81, Dia 15, 15%; Dark grey with pale grey core and dull orange surface covered with sparkling grits; Inclusions: abundant, sub round quartz (T3). Mid-3rd C.
24) Bowl; FVN 77, Dia 19, 5%; Black with dark grey surface and silvery slip extending over the outer surface and the inside of the rim; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3) and occasional limestone (T3). (BB2). Late 2nd - mid 3rd C.
25) Bowl; FVN 79, Dia 23, 18%; Dull grey core with dull red margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3, max T4). (BB1). Late 2nd C. (see context 115 no. 12).
CONTEXT 211 (Phase 2)
A TPQ of at least the late 3rd C can be derived from nos.26 and 28. This can be extended to the mid 4th C if no.29 is accepted as Crambeck Painted ware.
26) Beaker; FVN 95, Dia 6.5, 8%; White with mid grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T1). Probably Crambeck ware (see Corder 1928 pl IV no 93).
27) Jar; FVN 94, Dia 7.5, 13%; Mid blue grey with burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T1 max T3) and black iron oxide (T1).
28) Bowl; FVN 93, Dia 27, 9%; Very pale grey with dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3) and occasional black vitreous grains (T1). Probably a Crambeck product (see Evans 1989 54).
29) Dish; FVN 92, Dia 26, 11%; Pale orange with paler core; Inclusions: abundant, quartz, red and black iron oxide (All T2). The sherd is quite abraded, but the form and fabric suggest that it is an example of Crambeck painted Parchment ware (as, for example, Corder 1928 pl III no 73).
CONTEXT 224 (Phase 2)
A TPQ somewhere in the last third of the 3rd C can be derived from nos.32 and 33 both of which are probably Crambeck products.
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31 CG (Dia 18 6%) 2 r.sh. Dr 31R CG (Dia 26 15%) 1 r.sh. Dr 31R EG (Dia 27 7%) 1 b.sh. 1 w.sh. Dr 31R CG (?) 1 b.sh. Dr 31R EG (?) 1 r.sh. 5 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R EG (?) 3 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R fabric not identified 1 w.sh. Closed form with white painted decoration EG 7 frags form and fabric not identified 1 r.sh. Dr 37 CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 1 w.sh. Dr 37 CG: Parts of two panels are visible divided by a fine beaded border. In the RH panel is a double bordered medallion containing part of a draped male. In the LH panel is a fragment of a cantharus. The general style of the decoration is fully Antonine and the fabric and gloss support this. The fine beaded borders might occur of the work of a potter like Advocisus.
Coarseware:
30) Jar; FVN 102, Dia 12.5, 13%; Mid grey, rough surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3 max T5) and occasional black vitreous grains (T3). Similar to fabric of no.6 (Context 76). No evidence of occurrence at Swanpool (a suggested origin for no.6).
31) Bowl; FVN 107, Dia 21, 6%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2 max T3). (BB2).
32) Bowl; FVN 105, Dia 19, 8%; Very pale grey with mid grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1). Probably a Crambeck product (see Evans 1989, 54).
33) Bowl; FVN 104, Dia 19, 10%; Dull orange brown with dull brown core and dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T1) and red iron oxide (T2 max T4). Possibly a Crambeck product.
34) Mortarium; FVN 103, Dia 27, 12%; Very pale pinkish white with pale yellow surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1 max T2) and red iron oxide (T1). A Hartshill-Mancetter product. A.D.230-300. Information from K F Hartley.
35) Mortarium; FVN 106; Dia ?, 10%; Very pale yellow with pale yellow surface; Inclusions: sparse, black iron oxide (T3) and occasional quartz (T3). This a very small rim sherd of a Nene Valley mortarium. Not illustrated. 3rd-4th C. Information from K F Hartley.
The samian provides a TPQ somewhere in the second half of the 2nd C.
Samian:
2 r.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) (Dia ? 2%) 2 fragments form and fabric not identified
Coarseware:
1 w.sh. Dressel 20 amphora.
A TPQ somewhere in the last third of the 3rd C can be derived from no.37.
36) Jar; FVN 125, Dia 14, 9%; Mid grey core with dull orange brown margins and dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2) and black iron oxide (T2). Probably a product of Essex kilns such as those at Mucking (Jones and Rodwell 1973, Type F).
37) Dish; FVN 126, Dia 14, 27%; Very pale grey with dark greyish brown surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz, red and black iron oxide and limestone (all T1). Crambeck fabric.
CONTEXT 246 (Phase 4)
Nos 39, 40, and 41 provide the TPQ for the group. Nos 40 and 41 are typologically the latest examples of BB1 cooking pots stratified in the assemblage. At the time of his 'Coarse Fumed Ware' paper (1976) J.P. Gillam would probably have dated these vessels to the end of the 3rd C. Evidence from Vindolanda (Bidwell 1985, 174-6) now indicates that the development of certain attributes of these type of vessels (the angle of the cross-hatching and the presence above this of a scored line) may have occurred earlier than Gillam suggested. A necessary consequence of this may well be that the dating of all these later BB1 jar types should be moved slightly earlier. A date around the middle of the 3rd C would seem reasonable.
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31R EG (Dia 25 18%) 1 r.sh. Dr 31 or 31R EG (Dia ? 2%) 1 r.sh. Dr 33 CG (Dia 13 15%) 2 r.sh. Dr 37 CG (?) (Dia ? 4%) 1 w.sh. mortarium CG 3 sherds form and fabric no identified
Coarseware:
38) Bowl?; FVN 133, Dia ?, 5%; Very pale orange with orange slip; Inclusions: common, quartz, red iron oxide and limestone (all T1). A very small sherd of a rim, or possibly a flange. Not illustrated.
39) Beaker; FVN 128, Dia 6.5, 3%; White with dark brown colour coat; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1) and occasional red iron oxide (T2). Probably a Nene Valley product. Mid 3rd C.
40) Jar; FVN 129, Dia 15.5, 20%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, sub round quartz (T3 max T4). (BB1). Mid 3rd C.
41) Jar; FVN 130, Dia 16, 4%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, sub round quartz (T3 max T4). (BB1). Mid 3rd C.
42) Bowl; FVN 134, Dia 18, 4%; Black core with pale brownish grey margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2 max T3). (BB2).
43) Bowl; FVN 132, Dia 22, 5%; Dark grey core with dull red margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2 max T3). (BB1). Mid 3rd C (see Context 115 no.12 for remarks on date)
44) Dish; FVN 135, Dia 20, 3%; Dark grey with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3). (BB1). There are faint indications of some kind of decoration on the outer surface.
45) Mortarium; FVN 131, Dia 34, 12%; Very pale yellow with pale yellow surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2 max T4). Rhineland origin. A.D.140-300. Information from K F Hartley.
CONTEXT 246/247 (Phase 4)
TPQ in the mid-3rd C, on the basis of no.48.
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 31 CG (Dia 18 10%)
Coarseware:
46) Flagon; FVN 138, Dia 10.5, 17%; Pale brown; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1 max T3) and black vitreous grains (T1).
47) Beaker; FVN 136, Dia 5.5, 15%; Very pale yellow with dark brown colour coat; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1) and red iron oxide (T1). Late 2nd - early 3rd C.
48) Bowl; FVN 137, Dia 20, 10%; Dark grey with dark grey brown burnished surface; Inclusions: common, sub round quartz (T3). (BB1). Mid 3rd C. (see context 115 no.12 for discussion of date).
49) Dish; FVN 139, Dia 21, 10%; Black with black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, sub round quartz (T3). (BB1).
CONTEXT 247 (Phase 2)
TPQ somewhere in the mid 2nd C, derived from no.51.
Samian:
1 b.sh. Dr 18/31R CG 1 sherd form and fabric not identified
Coarseware:
50) Amphora; FVN 141, Dia 16, 25%; Orange brown with grey brown core; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2 max T3), black iron oxide (T1), black vitreous grains (T1) and mica (T2). Dressel type 20 globular amphora.
51) Jar; FVN 140, Dia 11.5, 15%; Black core with pale grey margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3). (BB1). Mid- late 2nd C.
No.56 gives a TPQ for the group somewhere in the late 3rd C.
Samian:
1 sherd form and fabric not identified
Coarseware:
52) Beaker; FVN 145, Dia 7.5, 13%; Orange with black colour coat; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2 max T3), occasional black iron oxide (T3), limestone (T4) and fine grained rock fragments (T3). Nene Valley? 3rd C.
53) Dish; FVN 146, Dia 23, 6%; Dark grey; Inclusions: abundant, sub round quartz (T3). (BB1). Very faint cross hatching is evident on the outer surface. Mid 2nd C.
54) Dish; FVN 142, Dia 19, 10%; Pale grey with black core and black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2 max T4). (BB1). Late 2nd C+.
55) Bowl; FVN 143, Dia 18, 7%; Dark grey brown with black burnished surface; Inclusions: abundant, rounded quartz (T3). (BB2). Mid-late 2nd C.
56) Bowl; FVN 144, Dia 21.5, 23%; Dark grey core with pale grey margins and dark grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3). (BB1). Late 3rd C. (See Gillam 1976, nos 45-9 and Bidwell 1985, 177).
Samian:
1 r.sh. Dr 37 CG (?) (Dia ? 2%)
CONTEXT 263 (Phase 2)
TPQ in the mid 3rd C. on the basis of no.58.
Samian:
1 b.sh. Dr 31R EG (?) 1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R fabric not identified
Coarseware:
57) Jar; FVN 147, Dia 10, 30%; Mid blue grey; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3 max T4) and black iron oxide (T3).
58) Jar; FVN 148, Dia 14.5, 20%; Mid grey with dark grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T4) and rock fragments (T4). Probably a product of Essex kilns such as those at Mucking (see Jones and Rodwell 1973 type J). Mid 3rd C.
CONTEXT 266 (Phase?)
59) Bowl; FVN 149, Dia 22, 10%; Black core with red brown margins and black burnished surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T1 and T3); the inclusion suite is markedly bi-modal suggesting the admixture of quartz temper to a clay matrix already containing fine quartz. (? BB2). Mid 2nd - early 3rd C.
60) Jar; FVN 169, Dia 15, 10%; Black core with pale grey margins and mid grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T3 max T4). Probably a product of Essex kilns such as those at Mucking (see Jones and Rodwell 1973, type J). Mid 3rd C.
Vessels 61 and 63 provide a TPQ for the group somewhere in the last third of the 3rd C.
Samian:
1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R EG (?) 1 w.sh. Dr 32 (?) EG (?) 1 w.sh. Dr 33 CG 1 w.sh. closed form EG
Coarseware:
61) Jar; FVN 171, Dia 17, 15%; Pale brown with dark brownish grey surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T4). Last 3rd of 3rd C. (see Context 76 no.6 for discussion).
62) Bowl; FVN 172, Dia 18, 13%; Pale brown with pale grey core and mid grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3).
63) Bowl; FVN 173, Dia 16, 15%; Mid grey brown with smooth black surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T3). Not likely to be a Crambeck product. Late 3rd-4th C.
64) Mortarium; FVN 170, Dia 26, 12%; Orange pink with pale yellowish pink surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2) abd red iron oxide (T2). Trituration grits: T6, black fine grained rock fragments. In the Swanpool tradition. 3rd-4th C. Information from K F Hartley.
Samian:
1 w.sh. Dr 37 CG (?): Animal to L in double bordered festoon/medallion. Not illustrated.
Coarseware:
65) Bowl; FVN 174, Dia 18, 8%; Black with dark grey brown surface; Inclusions: common, quartz (T2 max T4). (BB2). Mid-late 2nd C.
The only datable sherd is a base fragment from a bowl in BB2 which provides a TPQ in the mid 2nd C.
CONTEXT 345 (Phase 4)
TPQ of A.D.160 from the samian stamp.
Samian:
1 b.sh. Dr 31R CG stamped -]NI F (see section on stamps) 1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) 1 r sh Dr 36 CG (Dia 18 11%)
Coarseware:
1 small rim sherd of a BB2 jar. Not illustrated.
CONTEXT 349 (Phase 4?)
Vessel no.66 provides a TPQ in the last third of the 3rd C.
Samian:
1 w.sh. Dr 31 or 31R CG (?) 1 w.sh. Dr 37 CG: Very small fragment. The fabric and gloss suggest a Hadrianic or early Antonine date.
Coarseware:
66) Bowl; FVN 175, Dia 23, 13%; Pale grey with dark grey surface; Inclusions: abundant, quartz (T2). Probably a Crambeck product (see Evans 1989, 54). Last third of 3rd C.